Sumup simulacao. HomeIn this article…Como Funciona 1 Sumup Simulacao…Install the SumUp app. Sumup simulacao

 
 HomeIn this article…Como Funciona 1 Sumup Simulacao…Install the SumUp appSumup simulacao 75% per transaction fee for all in-person swipe, chip, and contactless

SumUp Solo – With or without printer; Takepayments – Updated PAX terminal, custom fees; Square Terminal – Affordable WiFi POS terminal; Zettle Terminal – Pocket-sized, mobile smart POS; Worldpay – Traditional. e muito importante para quem faz venda nas máquinas da SumUp e. 00 $58. Free cover for up to £250 chargebacks /mo. sumup . Our app also makes it easy to manage your item catalog, build an online store, sell gift cards, issue invoices, send payment links, and more. Another great portable option is Bixolon SPP-R210iK/BEGE. Zoznámte sa s naším najinteligentnejším platobným riešením. 3 which was updated last on 01. . The company enables businesses to accept card payments at the Point-of-Sale or on the go in a simple, secure and cost-effective way. 50K+ Downloads Everyone info About this app arrow_forward With this app you will know how much will be discounted in fees for each sale using the sumup. . Log in to email us. Version:2. The technique was first used by scientists. Learn more. You can also use. Find Simulacao Sumup【S9com】Resultado Do Jogo Do Bicho Das 18 Horas Hoje stock photos and editorial news pictures from Getty Images. . SumUp 3G-makseterminali ja printeri komplekt. Square charges 2. Use Square to power your business whether you need to reach more. Use our free app together with a SumUp mobile card reader to get paid anywhere. Taxas pequenas no débito, crédito e ainda parcelado. 何か間違いを見つけた方はコメント欄でご報告頂きたい。. Press the power button. Vous en aurez également besoin pour accepter des transactions avec votre. Pronto! Sabia que a SumUp tem um portal cheio de dicas para ajudar a melhorar sua vida financeira? Acesse o Dindim por dindim e aprenda a cuidar melhor do seu dinheiro e vender cada vez mais! E o melhor: é tudo explicado, dindim por dindim. The SumUp Air is a versatile card reader that seamlessly integrates with your smartphone or tablet through Bluetooth. Shopify: Best For Online Businesses With Some In-Person Sales. What’s up everybody in my name is Alex and I’m back with you today for another review and this time it’s the turn of the sum up err which allows you to take card payments on the go so the sum up err is a brilliant little device that connects to your smartphone both iOS and Android allows you to take card. Learn more about BILL. In fact, our automated marketing campaigns are built to bring new customers in and encourage previous customers to come back to your business. Analysis of the dataset shows that Greenland Ice Sheet density measurements in the top 1 m do not show a strong relationship with annual temperature. . Használhatja az átutalások elvégzésére vagy a fiókadatok ellenőrzésére. However, SumUp and Square actually offer the same number of mPOS device. Then click on the Install Now button. From help with card readers and invoices to business accounts and selling online, SumUp's Support Centre is all about making it easy for you to get paid. SumUp е компания с мащабите на корпорация и културата на стартап. Description. We charge a small fee per transaction whenever a payment is paid out to you. Faz. Maquininhas de cartão Sumup. London-based global payments service provider SumUp could launch a fundraising round that would value the company at about 20 billion euros (about $22 billion), Bloomberg reported Wednesday (Jan. Our app also makes it easy to manage your item catalog, build an online store, sell gift cards, issue invoices, send payment links, and more. These tools are intuitive and involve no binding. BILL, a leader in financial automation software for small and midsize businesses (SMBs). Você precisa usar o seu leitor de cartão junto com o seu smartphone, por conexão Bluetooth. We know that for small businesses, every penny saved is often re-invested back into building the business. Now you can see the big picture. You don’t have to, because we’re doing exactly that – turning your purchases into future treats and savings. SumUp Plus Card Reader and Charging Station/Dock Bundle. 69%, beating Zettle and Square by 0. Todavia, existe uma grande. Make secure payments for goods and services within a blink using just your mobile device at participating SumUp merchants. Negative comments about. A taxa SumUp, aplicada nas operações de crédito e débito, tem uma forma própria de funcionamento. . Enjoy 7am payouts, half-price transaction fees, exclusive deals and discounted hardware, all with SumUp One. Kúpiť za 79 €** Viac informácií. The last element is the values that have to be sum is in the range of cells C5:C14. A taxa da SumUp para vendas no débito é de 1,35%. For example, we receive personal information from our affiliates, business partners (such as merchants), social media sites, third party services that you connect to your account on the Services, public sources, and/or companies that provide personal. All together, a balance sheet summarizes. São três modalidades de taxas (débito, crédito à vista e crédito para 30 dias). Ensure the Wi-Fi On/Off toggle is set to “On” and your Solo will scan for Wifi networks. 28. Reduce the risk of chargebacks. Email address. In this article…Https Sumup. O SumUp empréstimo foi desenvolvido para que nossos parceiros consigam pagá-lo sem se preocupar com mensalidades ou boletos no fim do mês, pagando um pouco diariamente a cada venda feita, tendo um controle maior de suas mensalidades. SumUp App . 3. me. Install the plugin via the Plugins section in the WordPress Dashboard. 2. Using the SumUp App, navigate to Settings and select the Virtual Terminal option from the menu. . To use the application, simply associate the card reader with. 79. Aumente suas vendas com a Sumup e ainda ganhe até R$120,00 de desconto em taxas - Oi pessoal meu nome é david silva nesse vídeo fazer unboxing e review da máquina de cartão Sumup top mas antes de começar te dar um descontão pra você também comprar a sua comprando no link está na descrição do vídeo além de descontar você vai ganhar 1% de taxa nos três primeiros meses frete grátis vai poder parcelar sua. With the SumUp Pay App, you can: • Pay SumUp merchants via QR. Before we move toward. The standalone terminals are more expensive: $299 for Square Terminal and $129 for SumUp Solo. Use our free app together with a SumUp mobile card reader to get paid anywhere. Maquina de cartão com menor taxa de juros. Next page. There must be an easier way to match the payment and add the difference to an expense account - Called SumUp. £18 per month. Square’s payout time is also way faster than SumUp’s. . Online dashboard, including sales statisticsSumUp will use funding to accelerate development of vital and fair financial services and tools to empower small businesses all over the world. SumUp Solo Card Reader. Email address. 4 million, or around $8. Home SumUp Air: £39 + VAT. SumUp raises $895M in debt to double down on its B2C payments business. Cégkód: 305074395. Founded in 2012, SumUp is the financial partner for more than 4 million small merchants in over 35 markets worldwide, helping them star t, run and grow their businesses. A. L'application SumUp regorge de fonctionnalités pratiques pour vous aider à gérer votre entreprise où que vous soyez. 129 *. A SumUp Top é a maquininha de entrada da SumUP, modelo proprietário, que utiliza da conexão de internet do celular para fazer suas transações. 19. Tá com SulAmérica, tá com tudo!! Adquira seu plano agora mesmo, faça uma simulação gratuita conosco. Esta opção é pouco comum entre as maquininhas compradas e a SumUp é destaque com taxa mais em conta. Secure payments with a mobile card reader. It bites 1. Valuations are submitted by companies, mined from state filings or news, provided by VentureSource, or based on a comparables valuation model. Like most payment service providers (PSPs), SumUp uses a simple, flat-rate pricing plan that makes it easy to anticipate what your overall processing costs will be in advance. 5% de Desconto EXCLUSIVO pra você na sua primeira maquininha SumUp: Siga meu Instagram: instagram. Choose between a WiFi or cellular connection (the 3G comes with a built in SIM card) Enter your SumUp profile login on the. 5. Fivestars becomes SumUp Connect. Possui 1 ano de garantia. Our app also makes it easy to manage your item catalog, build an online store. Menu. We believe that every business should have access to affordable, easy-to-use payment solutions, no matter their size. Menu. A balance sheet includes a list of assets, liabilities, and owners’ or stockholders’ equity in the company. Pay as little as $0/month with options to add additional features. Then launch Loyverse POS and go to Settings > Payment Types. You can monitor and manage the security of your devices, networks, and servers from a single console. Chris_English Posts: 466 Forumite. 1. Update Invoice Settings. For your customers who aren’t transacting face-to-face, you can send Payment Links via email, text or any other messaging app or use Virtual Terminal to process card payments over the phone. Download SumUp Pay - for consumers and enjoy it on your iPhone, iPad and iPod touch. vídeo eu faço uma simulação entre SumUp x Pag. After logging in at sumup. With this application, you enter the value of the transaction directly on the keyboard, insert the chip card or press the contactless card, and the payment will be processed on the mobile network. 75%. Na SumUp não tem aluguel e ainda tem as menores taxas. Password. Nesse vídeo você vai ver uma Simulação entre POP Credicard, x SumUp🎁 Promoção SumUp:Nesta simulação você vai descobrir quantas vantagem que chega até R$ 16. HomeWebsite. Aceita uma quantidade razoável de bandeiras, incluindo as. The card reader accepts all major card brands. Conveniently, with SumUp. In comparison to a refund, a chargeback happens when the customer contacts their bank to file a dispute instead of contacting the merchant. Depois de baixar o aplicativo da SumUp e se cadastrar, a liberação do link acontece em até 48 horas. . Verifique se o plano de recebimento e suas taxas estão corretas antes de efetuar uma transação! PLANO VENDEDOR. Our app also makes it easy to manage your item catalog, build an online store, sell gift cards, issue invoices, send payment links, and more. The meaning of SUM-UP is summary. 9. Até 5,99% 10. The SumUp App makes it simple to accept payments and manage your business. . Or contact Customer Support at 1-833-758-1577. We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. Un terminal mPOS de ultimă generație – ideal pentru comercianții cu amănuntul, cafenelele și restaurantele sau orice afacere din mers. Secure, cost-effective credit card payment processing. Add any relevant corresponding invoice information that you have provided to the customer. System status. Select card plan. 4 million businesses have already chosen us to be. Email address. £0. Növelje bevételét pos kártyás fizetések elfogadásával iPhone, iPad, vagy Android készüléken, okostelefonon, vagy tableten. Remove the £‎‎5,000 pre-verification limit and start making the most of your profile's features by verifying. Solo Printer 12x R$ 32,90 ou R$. Sabe como? Basta utilizar a calculadora de taxas SumUp ou simulador SumUp. Download SumUp for PC/Mac/Windows 7,8,10 and have the fun experience of using the smartphone Apps on Desktop or personal computers. The POS Lite is an out-of-the-box solution that can be ordered directly and set up in minutes. . Pronto para aumentar suas vendas com a SumUp? Então não perca tempo: escolha a máquina de cartão perfeita para o seu momento e comece a aceitar cartões agora mesmo! E o melhor: sem aluguel ou mensalidade que garante taxas simples e fáceis de entender. Sumup taxas: débito, crédito à vista e parcelado. 13. Pronto para aumentar suas vendas com a SumUp? Então não perca tempo: escolha a máquina de cartão perfeita para o seu momento e comece a aceitar cartões agora mesmo! E o melhor: sem aluguel ou mensalidade que garante taxas simples e fáceis de entender. The terminal is very lightweight and easy to carry around compared to a traditional one, but sturdy enough to be reliable. Szükség esetén itt le is tilthatja a kártyáját. Depois de baixar o aplicativo da SumUp e se cadastrar, a liberação do link acontece em até 48 horas. Zettle and Square charge a fixed percentage (1. Add notes or custom amounts to items to minimize future questions or disputes. Já para vendas no crédito à vista 3,00% e para crédito parcelado 4,30%. You can monitor and manage the security of your devices, networks, and servers from a single console. Click on Add new and search for SumUp Payment Gateway for WooCommerce. 2/5. . Depois disso, o cliente insere o cartão na maquininha, digita a senha. Abstract. Sumup Top, On ou Total com desconto DE 5%: de cartão sem tax. United States. 9,80% para 12X Encontre a melhor máquina de cartão A SumUp tem a maquineta de cartão perfeita para o seu negócio, seja você profissional autônomo ou dono de estabelecimento. . Solução completa para o seu negócio. By ticking this box you accept the Terms and Conditions and acknowledge that you have read and understood the Privacy PolicyGet Started Now. We believe that every business should have access to affordable, easy-to-use payment solutions, no matter their size. . Calculadora gratuita de cálculo - Calcular limites, integrais, derivadas e séries passo a passoHardware and membership pricing. Vejo muitos clientes sumup que não sabem as taxas que estão pagando, pagando taxas até mais altas do que as que estão vigentes. SumUp lost points primarily because it can only process credit card transactions. Password. Conta digital que rende até 300% da poupança. £349*. With these results, the fine print makes all the difference. A SumUp Top é uma máquina de cartão que funciona pelo celular. Read. In this article…Como Funciona 1 Sumup Simulacao… Install the SumUp app. From taking payments and processing orders, to customer acquisition and managing your money–with SumUp, it’s possible. Aceite as principais bandeiras de cartões de crédito, Pix e pagamento por boleto e ofereça uma experiência de pagamento completa para seus clientes. Tai mūsų pažangiausias kortelių skaitytuvas, kuris idealiai tinka naudoti parduotuvėse, kavinėse ir restoranuose ar bet kurioje kitoje pardavimo vietoje, net ir laikinoje. Desconto Sumup + 1% de taxa - Email address. [2]Simulação SumUp x PagSeguro /Taxas e Custo de Parcelamento. Password. Nesse vídeo você vai ver uma Simulação entre POP Credicard, x SumUp🎁 Promoção SumUp:Nesta simulação você vai descobrir quantas vantagem que chega até R$ 16. What are remote payments? Whether you’re accepting payments in-person or on the go, SumUp has solutions to fit your small business needs. SumUp is a European mobile credit card processing application for iPhone and Android users that launched in mid-2012. Business made simple The SumUp App makes it simple to accept payments and manage your business. Banking services are provided by Piermont Bank, Member FDIC. Após a promoção para as demais bandeiras. Enter Email and Password from your SumUp account. Te explicamos nesse artigo, sobre a redução de taxas SumUp e uma breve comparação dos modelos já existentes As máquinas de cartão irão dominar o mundo! Brincadeiras à parte, sabemos que elas vem se tornando cada vez mais populares e hoje são um instrumento essencial para qualquer tipo de negócio. SumUp Payments Limited is authorised by the Financial Conduct Authority in the UK under the Electronic Money Regulations 2011 (register number 900700). The call centre can be extremely frustrating to deal with, as can the automated chat. Start your free trial today and discover how SumUp One can benefit your business. Managed Protection by Panda Security is a cloud-based solution that provides complete and flexible protection for your business. Mostremos como utilizar a Calculadora de taxas disponibilizada pela Nuvemshop para calcular as tarifas da SumUp: Primeiro, preencha o valor da transação no campo designado; Em seguida, clique em “Calcular”. Več o tem. Create an invoice on my SumUp App. 00. „SumUp Solo“ kortelių skaitytuvas. Forgot your password?However, SumUp does offer a range of other payment options with our Air Card Reader: your customers can pay by inserting their EMV chip card, swiping a magstripe card, or tapping a contactless (NFC) card. Menu. Forgot your password?A SumUp Solo é a maquininha da SumUp, de modelo proprietário, que não depende de celular para fazer suas transações, pois conta com chip de dados e conexão Wi-Fi. Aprenda a simular suas vendas no aplicativo da Sumup para saber quanto desconta nas suas vendas de forma simples e fácil. Com】Resultado Do Jogo Do Bicho Das 18 Horas Hoje of the highest quality. Monte Carlo simulation (also known as the Monte Carlo Method) is a statistical technique that allows us to compute all the possible outcomes of an event. It will cost you around $260. ‎Business made simple The SumUp App makes it simple to accept payments and manage your business. Market Leaders and High Growth Startups have used the Itembase iPaaS to onboard over 300,000. When SumUp publishes downtime on their status page, they do so across 89 components and 20 groups using 4 different. SumUp supports more than 3. FOR £32. Order now. Από τη βοήθεια με τα τερματικά POS και τα τιμολόγια έως τους επαγγελματικούς λογαριασμούς και τις πωλήσεις στο διαδίκτυο, το Κέντρο υποστήριξης της SumUp έχει ως στόχο να διευκολύνει την πληρωμή σας. Vous y trouverez toutes les fonctionnalités et tous les paramètres dont vous avez besoin pour assurer le bon fonctionnement de votre entreprise. Download SumUp apps for Android - APKMirror Free and safe Android APK downloads. Shop Now Get a Demo. Pronto para aumentar suas vendas com a SumUp? Então não perca tempo: escolha a máquina de cartão perfeita para o seu momento e comece a aceitar cartões agora mesmo! E o melhor: sem aluguel ou mensalidade que garante taxas simples e fáceis de entender. Könnyű, biztonságos, és költséghatékony bankkártya leolvasó megoldás!Simulação SumUp x Stelo / Economize até R$ 145,40 em apenas R$1,000. Menu. SumUp is a global financial technology company driven by the mission of empowering small businesses all over the world. Point of Sale Lite. It also charges 2. Simulação SumUp x Stelo / Economize até R$ 145,40 em apenas R$1,000. Password. Peso: 165 gramas. Its portability makes it efficient for use. Transform your checkout and enjoy free integrated POS software without monthly costs. 99% on each transaction you take, regardless of whether you’re using a card reader or a digital payment product. SumUp no Zap é prático, fácil e rápido de vender online. Antecipe o dinheiro das suas vendas parceladas. Business made simple. 4% of the company’s 2. bei Android auf „Installieren". Forgot your password?A partir da venda em nossas maquininhas, você pode acessar a SumUp Antecipa e selecionar quais pagamentos você deseja antecipar após realizar o cadastro informando os seus dados e os do seu negócio. 10), the lack of a fixed authorization fee can actually cost you less overall if you process a. Here’s how it’s done. . Nincs sem fix díj, sem szerződéses kötelezettség. Select from premium Simulacao Sumup【S9com】Resultado Do Jogo Do Bicho Das 18 Horas Hoje of the highest quality. Order now. Start accepting card payments today. We charge a small fee per transaction whenever a payment is paid out to you. . Use contactless card readers to take NFC payments without a contract. Depois disso, o cliente insere o cartão na maquininha, digita a senha. 75% U. SumUp also offers lower transaction rates for in-person payments with a paid plan, but it comes with a one-time setup fee. 5. Read more from Christine Aebischer. April 25, 2021. Assim, existem tabelas de taxas específicas para quem tem faturamento de até R$ 10 mil em. <br> E-Commerce and Digital Regulations; <br> Corporate Law and Corporate Governance/Investors Relations Advice; <br> GDPR Compliance; <br> Commercial and Contracts Law | Learn more about Tsvetelina Yotova's work. Get paid easily and sell online instantly. In this video, we’ll introduce you to some of the basic features of the SumUp App (or SumUp card reader app). Complete the description by giving detail about the good or service provided. The SumUp Plus Card Reader is ideal for growing businesses who need an easy, affordable way to take payments in-store and on the go. How much is a card reader? The Solo costs $79. Desconto Sumup + 1% de taxa - SumUp Top é a maquininha de entrada da SumUP, modelo proprietário, que utiliza da conexão de internet do celular para fazer suas transações. Enter an amount and tap 'Charge'. Terminal POS SumUp Solo. További feltételek érvényesek. Aceita as bandeiras mais populares do. • Enhanced capabilities. Press Confirm to receive your free reward. The first is the transaction fee, which you pay for each transaction, and the second is a one-time cost. Our app also makes it easy to manage your item catalog, build an online store, sell gift cards, issue invoices, send payment links, and more. It is currently headed by Marc-Alexander Christ, who is the co-founder and CFO. Uma vez que a oferta está disponível o cliente a verá dentro do seu aplicativo, com todos os detalhes de valor, parcelas e taxas. Výkonný procesor. Zagotovite si ga za 39 €*. EMV Chip Magnetic Stripe Apple Pay Google Pay Contactless (NFC)The heroes we serve. Password. Kattintson a fiók ikonra a jobb felső sarokban az összes. Kompakten, intuitiven in povezan. Restricted businesses. Simulação SumUp x Izettle🎁 Promoção SumUp: vídeo você vai ver uma Simulação entre SumUp x IzettleNesta simul. New to SumUp? RegisterSumUp devices were created with one thing in mind—you. Accept up to 500 transactions on a single charge of the device. SumUp. Managed Protection also offers advanced threat detection, prevention, and response capabilities. Assim, existem tabelas de taxas específicas para quem tem faturamento de até R$ 10 mil em. vídeo eu faço Simulações entre a SumUp e. Pronto para aumentar suas vendas com a SumUp? Então não perca tempo: escolha a máquina de cartão perfeita para o seu momento e comece a aceitar cartões agora mesmo! E o melhor: sem aluguel ou mensalidade que garante taxas simples e fáceis de entender. Our app also makes it easy to manage your item catalog, build an online store, sell gift cards, issue invoices, send payment links, and more. Sumup taxas: débito, crédito à vista e parcelado. Fácil, seguro e o melhor: grátis. Maquina de cartão com menor taxa de juros. Ou seja: no. 03 MB. Keep an eye out for special offers and reductions on the SumUp website. 関数…. We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. От помощ относно терминали и фактури до бизнес сметки и продажба онлайн, Центърът за обслужване на клиенти на SumUp има за цел да улесни. Read More. The sale, it said, would yield Groupon €8. A Square vs. Step 2: Enter the payment amount total. Compatible with a maximum number of iPhone, iPad, and Android devices. Calculadora de Taxas | SumUp Repassar a taxa para seu cliente? Não Repassar Repassar a taxa Dividir a taxa Selecione o tipo de venda Selecione o parcelamento Selecione a bandeira Seu cliente paga R$ 0,00 Você recebe R$ 0,00 Taxa SumUp: 0% Simule o valor das suas vendas Escolha quando receber: Escolha a forma de pagamento: Digite o valor da venda: R$ Você recebe: R$ 0,00 Economize em taxas e lucre ainda mais R$ 0,00 Taxas SumUp Nossa calculadora considera as taxas para novos clientes nas simulações. S. Not only does this increase flexibility and cash flow by accepting remote payments, but it also enables you to use Virtual Terminal as a backup if your card reader isn’t available. Fazer Simulacao Sumup? Look no further…. Use our free app together with a SumUp mobile card reader to get paid anywhere. Best of all, with SumUp POS, your checkout process can run seamlessly. ; Then, press Enter key. A SumUp Top é a maquininha de entrada da SumUP, modelo proprietário, que utiliza da conexão de internet do celular para fazer suas transações. Menu. From help with card readers and invoices to business accounts and selling online, SumUp's Support Centre is all about making it easy for you to get paid. in funding over 14 rounds. Свободата да споделяш и реализираш идеите си в самото сърце на бизнеса на компанията е двигател за повече от 150 софтуерни. Synonyms for SUM-UP: summary, outline, summa, recap, rundown, précis, brief, synopsis; Antonyms of SUM-UP: expansion, enlargement, amplification, supplement. A lightbox will appear, where you can select the file format of the report (CVS or XLS) and confirm the dates of the report. Fiók. Ora fai click su "Ottieni". Create an invoice on my Dashboard. For our remote payment options (Payment Links), you’ll. You can get it for around $280 and has been the go-to mobile printer for SumUp over the last several years. We’re constantly releasing new features to keep your business running smoothly, so be sure to keep your app up-to-date. This article is for subscribers only. Monitor sales trends and track expenses from the backend with ease. View Company Info for FreeSumUp has raised a total of. Link grátis pra vender no cartão, pix e boleto. 1 out of 10. 1 The Poisson distribution. Simulação SafraPay x SumUp🎁 Promoção SumUp: vídeo você vai ver uma Simulação entre SafraPay x SumUpNesta sim. A bandeira dele pode ser tanto Visa quanto MasterCard. Both providers offer native EPOS systems along with their card machines, but Square edges out SumUp by offering its EPOS service for free. Create an invoice on my SumUp App. SumUp is a global financial technology company driven by the mission of empowering small businesses all over the world. It will cost you around $260. Home33 views, 2 likes, 0 loves, 0 comments, 0 shares, Facebook Watch Videos from Super Maquininhas: Simulação PagSeguro X SumUp | TODAS AS TAXAS!. SumUp Top T1 PromoTon T1 Chip PromoTon T3 PromoTon T2+ PromoTon T3 Smart PromoTon T3 MegaTon T3 Smart MegaTon T1 Chip MegaTon T1 MegaTon T2+. In addition to experience, skills, and technical expertise. 2. Square POS. Download SumUp - Credit Card Reader and enjoy it on your iPhone, iPad, and iPod touch. Enter your credentials from your SumUp account (client ID, client secret and email) and configure any settings needed. . Keep a handle on your inventory and ingredients. 13B over 13 rounds. Select the Sales tab from the left-hand side menu. Established in 2012, SumUp is the financial partner for more than 4 million. 1. U. The SumUp Difference.